动词ing变化规则

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英语里动词后加+ing的规则

1.英语动词加-ing,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成:cough—coughing,climb—climbing,stand—standing,fight—fighting

2.以-e结尾的动词

(1)如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing:write—writing,hope—hoping,care—caring,stare—staring,plane—plan-ing,have—having,save—saving, produce—producing, breathe—breathing

(2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing:

die—dying,tie—tying,vie—vying,lie—lying

(3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e:

see—seeing,flee—fleeing,free—freeing,agree—agreeing,hoe—hoeing,dye—dyeing,eye—eyeing

(4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing:

sue—suing,imbue—imbuing,construe—construing,pursue—pursuing,rue—ruing

有时,词尾e可去掉也可保留:

glue—gluing或 glueing,cue—cuing或 cueing, blue—blueing或 bluing,true—truing或trueing,clue—clueing或cluing

3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词

(1)如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母需要重复:

run—running, stop—stopping, hop—hopping, plan—planning,star—starring,control—controlling但辅音x是个例外,无需重复(x其实起着两个辅音的作用):tax—taxing,relax—relaxing

(2)如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有时也重复:kidnap—kadnapping或kidnaping,program—programming或programing

(3)如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大多无需重复:open—opening,offer—offering,audit—auditing但在有些动词中,重复或不重复均可:worship—worshiping或 worshipping,focus—focusing或 focussing,cancel—canceling 或cancelling,travel—traveling或travelling

以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾l,而美国英语则习惯于不重复1。

4.若动词以一元音加一半元音(y或w)结尾,可直接加-ing:

pay—paying, throw—throwing,follow—following, draw—drawing, em-ploy—employing

5.以-ic结尾的动词应先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing:

frolic—frolicking,panic—panicking,mimic—mimicking,picnic—picnicking,traffic—trafficking

这主要是为在动词后加-ing之后保留/k/这个音。若不在字母c后加字母k而直接加-ing,字母 c的发音就不再是/k/,而是/s/:

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