英语习语中的隐喻现象(可编辑)

英语习语中的隐喻现象

摘要

本论文围绕英语习语中的隐喻现象展开先介绍了隐喻的概念和习语的概念比如隐喻的含义从古至今就有不同的人不同的学派对此做过研究至于隐喻和习语之间存在着怎么样的关系许多学者也对此进行了研究本文例举了几位比较有名的学者的研究比如Lakoff和Gibbs这两位学者本文的重点是介绍习语的隐喻特征这部分是通过3个方面来论证的本位隐喻方位隐喻和结构隐喻这三方面有其不同的特点主要是以例子来说明通过举例的方式可以让读者能更直接地了解英语习语中的隐喻现象

关键词习语隐喻派别

ABSTRACT

This paper focuses on the metaphorical phenomenon in English idioms firstly introducing the concepts of metaphor and idiom Take the definition of metaphor for example since the old times many scholars of different schools have different ideas In terms of relationship between metaphor and idiom many scholars carried out their own studies This paper cites the viewpoints of several famous scholars like Laoff and Gibbs This paper emphasizes the metaphorical features of idioms from the ontological metaphors orientational metaphors and structural metaphors These three kinds of metaphors have different characteristics which are explained through examples The way of citing examples enables the readers to get access to the metaphorical phenomenon in English idioms more directly Keywordsidioms metaphor schools

Contents

1 Introduction 1

2 The concept of idioms and metaphors 3

21The concept of metaphors 3

com definition of metaphors 3

com classification of metaphors 4

22The concept of idioms 4

com definition of idioms 4

com features of idioms 5

3Research on the relationship between metaphors and idioms 6

31Lakoffs study 6

32The Gibbss study 7

33 Other scholars study 8

4Metaphorical features of idioms 8

41Ontological metaphors and idioms 8

comsonification 9

com The container metaphor 9

comA case study of ontological metaphor 11

42Orientational metaphors and idioms 11

com The analysis of metaphoric meaning about UP-DOWN 12

com The analysis of metaphoric meaning about FRONT-BACK 13

com A case study idioms denoting the concept of love 14

43 Structural metaphor and idioms 15

com The internal systematicity 15

com The external systematicity among the different structural

metaphors 16

com A case study 18

5 Conclusion 19

6Acknowledgements 20

7References 21

Introduction

In our study of English we always come across metaphor which is widely used in English sentences and can indicate vivid meanings However we dont have a clear understanding of this rhetoric Traditionally metaphor is a figure in which one thing is compared to another by saying that one is the other But according to cognitive linguistics metaphor is defined as understanding one conceptual domain or cognitive domain in terms of another conceptual domain The study of metaphor has attracted the attention of many scholars In the West there have been many different approaches to the study of metaphor In 1457 Aristotle studied metaphor as a transference of name which was known as Aristotelian Approach The traditional linguistic approach studies metaphor as a deviant phenomenon in language which produces either a false statement or an ungrammatical sentence The pragmatic approach takes metaphor as a special speech act and metaphorical understanding as the interplay between knowledge of the language system knowledge of context and background schematic knowledge about the world and the society and the interaction approach understands metaphor as an interaction between two subject systems Nietzsche Shelly Werner Cassirer and Reddy all reflects on metaphor as cognitive phenomenon from the perspectives of philosophy literary criticism psychology