中考英语语法考点总结——动词(共33张PPT)

考点4：及物动词与不及物动词的用法
① 后面必须跟宾语，意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及 物动词。英语中的及物动词有：visit, see, give, tell, wash, watch, buy, hear, thank, spend, keep等。 I visited Beijing last year. How long can I keep the book? The children bought a lot of flowers.
考点1：状态类系动词：表示主语的一种状态或态度，be动词
They are students. He is ill. My father was angry with me.
考点2：持续类系动词
持续类系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度， 主要有keep, remain, stay等。 He always kept silent at class This matter remains a mystery. The window stayed open all the night.
考点3：表象类系动词。
表像类系动词：表示主语“看起来像”这一概念，主 要有seem, appear, look等。 She appeared tired. He looks clever. She seems very happy.
考点4：感官类系动词
感官类系动词：主要有feel, smell, sound, taste， look等。 This kind of paper feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet. The apples taste very good.
考点1：can和could的用法
① 表示能力，意为“能，会”。 She can drive, but she can’t ride a bike. I hope to offer you some useful advice. He can give you some books. ② 表示请求或允许，意为“可以”。 Can I use your telephone？ You can go now. We can ask her for help.
动词
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表示动作和状态的词叫作动词。
(1)实义动词：表示行为、动作或状态的词。实义 动词词义完整，能独立作谓语，亦称为行为动词。
(2)系动词: 用来帮助说明主语“是什么”或“怎 么样”的动词。
(3)情态动词: 表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法 或主观设想。
(4)助动词: 助动词本身无词义，不可独立作谓语， 只能协助主要动词构成谓语。
考点1：实义动词单数第三人称形式的变化规则。
1、一般情况下在动词后加“s”。 look-looks like-likes live-lives play-plays 2、以s, sh, ch, o结尾的动词后加es。 pass-passes wash-washes brush-brushes catch-catches teach-teaches do-does go-goes 3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y改为i再加es。 fly-flies cry-cries 4、以“f”或“fe”结尾的动词变f为v再加-es。 leaf-leaves life-lives shelf-shelves wife-wives thief-thieves half-halves knife-knives
考点3：实义动词过去式的变化规则
1、一般情况在动词末尾加-ed。 look-looked miss-missed play-played 2、以e结尾的动词直接在词尾加d。 arrive-arrived hate-hated 3、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，双写末尾的辅 音字母，再加-ed。 stop-stopped shop-shopped 4、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。 study-studied carry-carried
② 本身意义完整，后面不用跟宾语的实义动词，叫做 不及物动词。英语中的不及物动词有：go, die, fall, run, fly, jump, speak, listen, happen等。 It happened in June 1932. She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. The plane is flying in the sky.
考点2：实义动词现在分词形式的变化规则。
1、一般情况下，直接在动词末尾加ing。 look-looking play-playing sing-singing 2、以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e加ing。 make-making leave-leaving come-coming 3、末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，双写末尾的辅 音字母再加ing。 run-running stop-stopping shop-shopping swim-swimming skip-skipping 4、以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y再加ing。 lie-lying die-dying
考点5：变化类系动词
变化类系动词：表示主语变成什么样，主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。 She become mad after that. He grew rich within a short time. The days are getting longer and longer.
③ could是can的过去式，表示过去的能力。 I could swim all the way across the lake，but I can’t now. He could cook when he was young. He could be saved, but he wasn’t sent to hospital in time. ④ 表示请求时，could的语气比can更加委婉，肯定 回答用can，而不用could。 --- Could you lend your car to me? --- Of course, I can.