高考英语复习-名词从句和定语从句

名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

Ⅰ．主语从句：在句子中充当主语

主句谓语动词要用单数第三人称。

Whoever comes is welcome.

1．that引导主语从句。

that引导主语从句时，仅起连接作用，不作任何成份，不能省略。有时为了保持句子平衡，把that从句后置，由形式主语it来代替。

That she was chosen made us very happy.

It made us very happy that she was chosen.

it作形式主语，有几种固定句型：

（1）It + be + adj. + that - clause

It is natural / strange / important / necessary that...

很自然／奇怪的是／重要的是／必要的是……

从句中的谓语动词用（should)+动词原形

It is important that he (should) attend the meeting.

（2）It + be + n. + that - clause

It is a fact that ... 事实是……

It is an honour that... 非常荣幸……

It is common knowlege that... ……是常识

It is a pity that... 很遗憾……

（3）It + be + 过去分词+ that - clause

It is reported that...据报道……

It is believed that... 据相信……

It has been proved that... 已证实……

It is said that... 据说……

特别提示

在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中，that从句中的谓语动词用（should）+动词原形。

It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held this afternoon.

（4）It + seem / happen等不及物动词+ that - clause

It seems / seemed that... 似乎……

It happens / happened that... 碰巧……

It appears that... 好像……

It seems that he is wrong.

2．whether引导的主语从句“是否”从句在句首时必须用whether，置于句尾时，可换用if．Whether he will come is not clear.

It is not clear whether / it he will come.

3．wh - 疑问词引导主语从句。

有时也可用it作形式主语，而把wh - 从句后置。

What we need is more time.

It is more time what we need.

Why he did this is not known.

It is not known why he did this.

4．whatever，whoever，whomever，whenever，wherever等引

导主语从句。

Whoever told you to give up smoking was quite right.

Whatever caused the accident has not yet been found.

Ⅱ．表语从句

位于系动词be，look．remain，seem等连系动词后充当表语的从名也叫表语从句。1．that引导表语从句：that不作任何成份，只起连接作用，不能省略。

The trouble is that we are short of money.

The fact is that he is lying.

2．whether引导表语从句，这时不能换用if。

The question is whether people will buy it.

3．疑问词引导表语从句

The pencil is where is was.

The problem was how we could find him.

as if，as though引导表语从句

He looks as if he were angry.

Ⅲ．宾语从句：在句子中充当宾语

that引导的宾语从句：that在从句中没有任何意义，不充当任何成份，可省略。

I know (that) you have met him.

Let's suppose (that) one day this happens to you.

He told me that he was wrong.

在动词think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine等后is的宾语从句中的否定词前移。（主句的主语须是第一人称）

I don't think you arc right.

2．wh - 疑问词引导的宾语从句。

Tell me what you want．

Do you know who will come at the meeting?

误区警示

whose，which，what三个词都带有形容词性质：whose “谁的”，which“哪一个”，what “什么”。

which是有一定的范围的。

what - 般没有什么特定的范围。

I don't know which food you want.

I don't know what he wants.

3．如果宾语从句还有自己的补语，应用it作形式宾语，而把从句后置。

这样的动词有make，believe，find，feel，consider，think等。

We think itstrangethat Tom don't go to school yesterday．

4．可以用whatever，whoever，whomever，whenever，wherever等引导宾语从句。Please write down whatever he is satying.

I don't know whoever will come.

Ⅳ．同位语从句：在句中充当同位语。

1．that引导同位语从句。

在下列名词后可用that引导同位语从句：answer，belief, doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，knowledge，law，news，opinion，plan，suggestion，thought，truth等。

l had no idea that you were here.