高考英语一轮复习：定语从句知识整理

高中语法专项定语从句

专题思维导图：

1. 定义：在复合句中充当定语的从句，即一个句子作定语（=形容词）。

2. 关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语

3. 关系副词在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语

1. 关系代词who, whom, which, that, whose, as

4. 限制性定语从句 2. 关系副词when, where, why

定语从句 3. 从句对先行词起修饰限定作用，二者关系密切

1. 关系代词who, whom, which, whose, as

5. 非限制性定语从句 2. 关系副词when, where, why

3. 从句只对先行词起补充说明作用，主从句常用逗号隔开

定语从句一定没有what和how，非限制性定语从句一定没有that。

1.关系代词的基本用法

2.关系代词that和which的用法区别

3.关系代词as和which的用法区别

4.关系副词的基本用法

5.定语从句的其他用法要点

一. 关系代词的基本用法

导入：

1.He has two sons and both of them are teachers.

2.He has two sons, both of whom are teachers.

基本用法：

注意：

（1）关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，不可省略。在定语从句中作宾语时whom/who/which/that可以省略，as一般不省略。

（2）whose可与of which转换。

Whose = the + 名词+ of which

Whose = of which + the + 名词

This is the house whose window broke last night.

= This is the house, the window of which broke last night.

= This is the house, of which the window broke last night.

（3）such....as....结构（as引导定语从句）与such....that...结构（that引导状语从句）的区别例句：

1.It is such a big stone as no man can lift.

2.It is such a big stone that no one can lift it.

二. 关系代词that和which的用法区别

1.限制性定语从句中，必须用关系代词that的情况。

①当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等，且指物时。

②当先行词被the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all 等词修饰时。

③当先行词是形容词做高级或者被形容词最高级修饰时。

④当先行词是序数词或者被序数词修饰时。

⑤当先行词既有人又有物的时。

⑥当主句的主语时疑问词which时。

⑦当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。

例句：

1.You should hand in all that you have.

2.This is the very dictionary that he wants to buy.

3.It’s the best book that I have read.

4.The train is the last that will go to Suzhou.

5.She took photograph of the things and people that she was interested in.

6.Which is the best bike that you lost.

7.My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.

2.当先行词指物或者前面整句话时，定语从句中的关系代词必须用which的情况。

①在非限制性定语从句中只能用which。

②当动词短语中的介词提前时，只能用which。

例句：

1.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.

2.This is the village in which he was born.

在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系单词之前。

This is the pen (which/that) I’m looking for.

不可以说：This is the pen for which I’m looking.

三. 关系代词as和which的用法区别

① As引导的非限制性定语从句既可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，有时还可以放在主句中。

② Which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后。

③如果as有“正如”之类的意思，它引导的就是状语从句。

④如果非限制性定语从句是否定句或者含有否定意义，则用which。

⑤ As 代指前面整个句子，which既可以代指某个名词也可以代指整个句子。

⑥As主要用于as......; as......as......; the same......as; such/so......as等结构中。

⑦As习惯用语：

As anybody can see; 正如人人都能看到的那样；

As is well known;=As is known to all; 众所周知；

As we have expected;正如我们所预料的那样；

As often happens;正如经常发生的那样；

As has been said before;正如以前所说的；

As is often mentioned above;正如上面提到的；

例句：

She has married again, as was expected. (意料之中)

She has married again, which was unexpected. (意料之外)

注意：

1. As is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

= The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/which is known to everyone

2.It is known to everyone that the moon travels round the earth once every month.

3.What is known to everyone is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.