高三英语一轮复习--定语从句引导词选择有技巧

定语从句引导词选择有技巧：

定语从句引导词选择的影响因素：

1、先行词类型及先行词在从句中充当的成分（即从句中缺少的成分）影响引导词的选择。

例1）、I once lived in a house _______ had a red roof.

答案: that/which. 从句缺主语，且先行词为物

I once lived in a house _______ I still love so much

答案：that/which/不填. love之后缺宾语，且先行词为物，所以填that或which，另外在定语从句中，如果从句缺宾语，引导词可以省略不填。.

I once lived in a house _______ roof is red.

答案：whose。从句不缺主语，宾语和表语，所以可能缺定语或状语。从句主语与先行词间有所属关系，所以从句缺定语，引导词用whose。

I once lived in a house _______ there is a big garden.

答案：where。从句不缺主语、宾语和表语，所以可能缺定语或状语，从句主语非名词，所以不会缺定语，那么就只能缺状语，引导词用where，翻译“为在房子里有一个大花园。”

例2）I still remember the day ______ I first came to the school.

答案：when。从句不缺主语、宾语和表语，所以可能缺定语或状语，从句主语非名词，所以不会缺定语，那么就只能缺状语，时间名词做先行词，用when。

I still remember the day ______ we spent together.

答案：that/which/不填。从句中spent之后缺少宾语，且先行词为物，所以填that/which，从句缺宾语，引导词也可省略不填。

例3）The reason _______ he refused the invitation is not clear.

答案：why。从句中缺状语，先行词表原因，所以用why。

The reason _______ he said for his absence of meeting is made up.

答案：that/which/不填。从句中said之后缺宾语，先行词为物。

2、抽象时间及抽象地点做先行词且从句中缺状语：

抽象时间及抽象地点做先行词，如果从句中缺少主语或宾语或表语，仍在that、which中进行选择。

如果从句中缺少的是状语则用where和when。

常见的抽象地点名词有：case、situation、activity、point、atmosphere、position等。

常见的抽象时间名词有：period，occasion，stage，interval，stay等。例：We’re just trying to reach a point _____ both sides will sit down together and talk.

答案：where

Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ____ sight matters more than hearing.

答案：where

Today, we will discuss a number of cases ____ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.

答案：where

It’s helpful to put children in a situation ______ they can see themselves differently.

答案：where

Describe an occasion _____ you had to give a presentation to an audience.

答案：when

3.特殊情况之只用that的情况：

a、先行词前有形容词最高级和序数词修饰是，引导词只用that。例：This is the best way _____ has been used against pollution.

This is the most direct young woman _____ I have ever come across.

b、为了和主句中出现过的wh-词重复，引导词只用that。

Who is the man _____is sitting by the lake?

C、先行词即有人又有物时，引导词只用that。

He talked about the schools and teachers ______ he had visited. d、先行词为不定代词all、something、angthing、some、little、few 等时或被不定代词修饰时，引导词只用that。

It’s easy to do the repair. All _____you need is a hammer and some nails.

e、先行词前有the only，the very，the right等词修饰时，引导词只用that。

This is t he very room ____ I slept in that evening.

Li Ming is the only one _____wants to be a teacher.

4、从句类型影响引导词的选择（非限制性定语从句中不能使用that）例：He lives in a hotel, ______ is only five minutes’ walk from here.

答案：which。从句缺少主语，且先行词为物可在that和which 中选择，又因为这是一个非限制性定语从句，所以不能使用that。

The foreign guests, ______ were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.

答案：who。从句缺少主语，且先行词为物可在that和who中选择，又因为这是一个非限制性定语从句，所以不能使用that。

5、介词之后的引导词选择（一般定语从句中，介词之后的引导词从whom和which中进行选择，表示地点，时间和原因时可与where、when、why进行替换）

例：Yesterday we went to visit the house ______ the great writer used to live.

答案：i n which / where. 从句中缺少地点状语in the house。可以直接填where，也可以将介词留下，将the house替换成关系代词which，填in which。