定语从句(whowhomwhichthatwhose)

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定语从句基础知识

简单句的基本句型

⏹ 1.主语+谓语（vi.） ⏹ He left early that morning. ⏹ 2.主语+系动词+表语 ⏹ We are students. ⏹ He looks handsome.

⏹ 3.主语+谓语（vi.）+介词+宾语

⏹ They are listening to the radio . （介宾） ⏹ 4.主语+谓语（vt.）+宾语 ⏹ I like playing basketball.(动宾)

如何判断从句

⏹ 主语从句

⏹ Your words made me happy. ⏹ What you said made me happy. ⏹ 表语从句

⏹ He looks handsome. ⏹ It looks as if he were ill. ⏹ 宾语从句(动宾) ⏹ He told us a story. ⏹ He told us that we would have a holiday. ⏹ 宾语从句(介宾)

⏹ I am interested in the book.

⏹ I am not interested in

whether you are coming or not. ⏹ 状语从句

⏹ I found my purse in my drawer. ⏹ I found my purse where I left it. ⏹ I thank you for your help. ⏹ I thank you because you helped me. ⏹ 定语从句

⏹ Mary is a beautiful girl. ⏹ Mary is a girl who/that is beautiful.

The positions of the attribute:（定语的位置）

⏹1. This is a flower basket.

⏹2. This is a basket full of flowers.

⏹3. This is a basket that I want to put flowers in.

⏹单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词之前，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词之后。

定语从句

1. 定义：又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用。

2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。

3. 关系代词\关系副词：引导定语从句的词。

关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose等，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。

关系副词：where, why, when，在定语从句中作状语。

关系代词的用法

1. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

2) He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.

3) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

4) The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.

2. who指人，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）

1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

2)A person who steals things is called a thief.

3. whom指人，作宾语 (作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省)

1)The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.

2)The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.

4. that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。

在定语从句中作

主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。

1）Where is the man（ that/whom ）I saw this morning?

2) The person（ that/whom） you introduced to me is very kind.

3) The season that/which comes after spring is summer.

4) Yesterday I received a letter that/which came from Australia.

5. whose在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。 whose 多指人，也可指

物，指物时可与of which互换使用。

1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

2) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. = The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

注：whose不能单独引导定语从句，它只能和所修饰的名词一起引导定语从句。即：“whose+名词”结构，whose在从句中作定语。

6. that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which。