翻译与文化
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THE TRANSLATOR AS MEDIATOR
The translator is a bilingual mediating agent between monolingual communication participants in two different language communities.
文化中介人是使两个有着不
The translator is a cultural
mediator（文化中介人）.
同语言和文化的个人或群体之间 的交际、了解和行动得以顺利进 行的人。所以，中介人必须在一
David Katan (2004)
定程度上是双文化的（熟悉两种
文化的）。
In order to play the role of mediator, an individual has to be flexible in switching his cultural orientation. …Hence, a cultural mediator will have developed a high degree of intercultural sensitivity.
way be considered to be culturally “equivalent” to the ST items
they are translating.
Shuttleworth & Cowie 2004
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
文化翻译是指任何不仅对语言成分而且对文化成分进行
敏锐处理的翻译。这种敏锐处理表现为以明白易懂的译文
交际翻译力求 使译文对译入语读者所产 生的效果尽可能接近原文 对原文读者所产生的效果。
TRANSLATION STRATEGIES
Word-for-word translation
The ST word order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meanings out of context. Cultural words are translated literally.
way.
Nida & Taber 1969
文化翻译是对原文的信息内容加以某种改变使之符合译
入语文化的翻译。
Cultural translation refers to any translation which is sensitive to
cultural as well as to linguistic factors. Such sensitivity might
take the form either of presenting TL recipients with a
transparent text which informs them about elements of the
source culture, or of finding target items which may in some
语义翻译力求在译入 语语义和语法结构允许的 情况下尽可能精确地再现 源语文本的情境意义。
Communicative
translation attempts to
produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original.
Taft (1981) 一个人，如果想发挥（文化）中介人的作用，就 必须灵活地转换自己的文化倾向。……所以，文化中 介人要培养高度的跨文化敏感性。
文化翻译与翻译文化
Cultural translation is a translation in which the content of the
message is changed to conform to the receptor culture in some
向译入语读者介绍源语文化，或者在译入语中找到在某种
程度上文化“对等”的成分。
TRANSLATION STRATEGIES
Semantic translation
attempts to render, as closely as the semantic and syntactic structures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original.
Hatim and Mason (1990)
译者首先是两方的中 介人，没有他，两方的交 际会有困难。
THE TRANSLATOR AS CULTURAL MEDIATOR
The translator is a cross-cultural A cultural mediator is a person who
specialist（跨文化专家）.
facilitates communication,
(1992)
Mary Snell-Hornby
understanding, and action between persons or groups who differ with respect to language and culture.
The translation operator is a
cultural operator（文化运作 者）.
Thus a mediator must be to a certain extent bicultural.
R. Taft (1981)
Heuson and Martim (1991) •
George Steiner (1975)
译者是两个不同语言 群体的单语交际者之间的 双语中介人。
The translator is first and foremost a mediator between two parties for whom mutual communication might otherwise be problematic.
The translator is a bilingual mediating agent between monolingual communication participants in two different language communities.
文化中介人是使两个有着不
The translator is a cultural
mediator（文化中介人）.
同语言和文化的个人或群体之间 的交际、了解和行动得以顺利进 行的人。所以，中介人必须在一
David Katan (2004)
定程度上是双文化的（熟悉两种
文化的）。
In order to play the role of mediator, an individual has to be flexible in switching his cultural orientation. …Hence, a cultural mediator will have developed a high degree of intercultural sensitivity.
way be considered to be culturally “equivalent” to the ST items
they are translating.
Shuttleworth & Cowie 2004
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
文化翻译是指任何不仅对语言成分而且对文化成分进行
敏锐处理的翻译。这种敏锐处理表现为以明白易懂的译文
交际翻译力求 使译文对译入语读者所产 生的效果尽可能接近原文 对原文读者所产生的效果。
TRANSLATION STRATEGIES
Word-for-word translation
The ST word order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meanings out of context. Cultural words are translated literally.
way.
Nida & Taber 1969
文化翻译是对原文的信息内容加以某种改变使之符合译
入语文化的翻译。
Cultural translation refers to any translation which is sensitive to
cultural as well as to linguistic factors. Such sensitivity might
take the form either of presenting TL recipients with a
transparent text which informs them about elements of the
source culture, or of finding target items which may in some
语义翻译力求在译入 语语义和语法结构允许的 情况下尽可能精确地再现 源语文本的情境意义。
Communicative
translation attempts to
produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original.
Taft (1981) 一个人，如果想发挥（文化）中介人的作用，就 必须灵活地转换自己的文化倾向。……所以，文化中 介人要培养高度的跨文化敏感性。
文化翻译与翻译文化
Cultural translation is a translation in which the content of the
message is changed to conform to the receptor culture in some
向译入语读者介绍源语文化，或者在译入语中找到在某种
程度上文化“对等”的成分。
TRANSLATION STRATEGIES
Semantic translation
attempts to render, as closely as the semantic and syntactic structures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original.
Hatim and Mason (1990)
译者首先是两方的中 介人，没有他，两方的交 际会有困难。
THE TRANSLATOR AS CULTURAL MEDIATOR
The translator is a cross-cultural A cultural mediator is a person who
specialist（跨文化专家）.
facilitates communication,
(1992)
Mary Snell-Hornby
understanding, and action between persons or groups who differ with respect to language and culture.
The translation operator is a
cultural operator（文化运作 者）.
Thus a mediator must be to a certain extent bicultural.
R. Taft (1981)
Heuson and Martim (1991) •
George Steiner (1975)
译者是两个不同语言 群体的单语交际者之间的 双语中介人。
The translator is first and foremost a mediator between two parties for whom mutual communication might otherwise be problematic.