雅思阅读语法11--分词作状语

Having+v.-ed (having done)
v.-ed (done)
与句中主语构成逻辑 上的动宾关系
being+v.-ed (being done)
与句中主语构成逻辑 上的动宾关系,且与谓 语动词同时发生，一 般作原因状语置于句 首。
having been+v-ed 与句中主语构成逻辑 (having been done) 上的动宾关系,且先于 谓语动词发生。
他们笑着谈着走进了教室。
Laughing and talking, they went into the classroom. __________________ 他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。
He stood leaning against the wall.(＝He stood
and leaned against the wall.)
分词的语态 1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。 e.g.: He is the man giving you the money. （= who gave you…）他就是给你钱的那个人。 He is the man stopped by the car. （= who was stopped by…）他就是那个被车拦住的 人。
3. 作伴随状语
4.作条件状语
1）Given a chance, I can surprise the world. 2) Seen from the top of the hill, our school looks very beautiful.
5.作让步状语
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
Given more time, I would be able to complete it. (=If I were given more time, I would be able to complete it.)
6)表让步
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. （=Although he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.）
(=Since you are a student, you should study hard.）
由于想到它或许在家，所以我就给他打了电话。 Thinking he might be at home, I called him. (=As I thought he might be at home, I called him.) Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice. (= because I don’t know what to do, I want to ask …)
(结果)
Practise:
(1)They set out ____ B for the ____ boy. A. searching; losing B. searching; lost C. to search; lost D. searched; losing
(2) The student sat there, ____ D what to do.
A. doesn’t knowing B. didn’t knowing
C. not know
D. not knowing
现在分词的否定式是在一般式和完成式的 前面加not (never)
(3)He sat there _____ , with his head on his hand. B
A. and think C. thought B. thinking D. being thought
4) 表结果 表结果时，一般放在句末，否则意义会不同 比较： Finding he was absent, I went home. (表时间) I went home, finding he was absent. （表结果）
Eg. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. (=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.) 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。 making it the most popular song The song is sung all over the country,__________________________.
（= After he had watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.）
2) 表原因状语
Being ill, he didn’t go to school.
既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习。 Being a student, you should study hard.
分词作状语
1.作时间状语 1）Having finished his homework, he went to play football. 2) Hearing the news, they got excited.
2.作原因状语
1）Not knowing his address, she went to a policeman for help. 2) Being ill, he was late for school. 1) He stood against the door, reading a newspaper. (表伴随情况) 2) I stayed up very late, preparing my speech.(说明细节情况)
2.分词作状语的基本原则
1）分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持 一致。 2）分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关 系，否则不能使用分词作状语。 1）Being ill, he didn’t go to school. 2) Given much more time, he would do it better.
(方式)
5) (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened. = When he heard the news, he gotfrightened. 时间child , 可以在分词前保留 when ) 6) ( The slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.
6.作结果状语
1）She was caught in a heavy rain, falling ill. 2) The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. 注：现在分词作结果状语，表示由谓语动词部 分所造成的结果。
1）表时间状语
Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. (=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.) Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.
Mocked at by everybody, he had my sympathy. （ = Although he was mocked at by everybody,…）
1) Four people entered the room looking
around in a curious way.
分词作状语与IELTS Reading
学员：谭镱涵
分词作状语
分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个 句子，表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、 结果、条件、伴随状况等。
1.分词作状语形式的选择
形式 v.ing (doing)
意义 与句中主语构成逻辑 上的主谓关系，与句 中谓语动词同时发生， 或基本上同时发生。 与句中主语构成逻辑 上的主谓关系，先于 谓语动词发生。
Eg. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. （听见和进入两个动 作同时发生） The building being built now is our new library. （being built为现在分词的被动形 式，表示动作正在进行之中。） Having done the work, he went home. 完成 了工作，他就回家了。
3. “Can’t you read?” Mary saidA _______ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily point
D. and angrily pointing
现在分词作伴随状语
4. ____ C a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 作原因状语 A 5.______ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.
单独的分词（短语）作状语： 注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的 主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就 选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。 e.g.: Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。 Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。
3)表方式、伴随情况的状语 ：作伴随状语的分 词表示的动ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้，必须是主语的一个 动作，或是 与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或 是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补 充说明。 Eg. He sat on the sofa, watching TV. (=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.)
例题链接
1.The secretary worked late into the B night, _____a long speech for the president. A. To prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 现在分词作伴随状语 2.European football is played in 80 countries, A it the most popular sport in the world. ______ A. Making B. makes 现在分词表结果状语 C. made D. to make
5) 表条件
Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.)
一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。
______________, Walking ahead you will see a white house.
( 伴随动作)
2) Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV
set.
(原因)
3) Using your head, you’ll find a good
way. (条件)
Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.
(条件)
4) He came running back to tell me the news.