第十二部分沟通-资料

Typical examples of noise include illegible print, telephone static（静电）, inattention by the receiver, or the background sounds of machinery on the production floor.
But I can understand very clearly what you mean and not agree with what you say. In fact, when observers conclude that a lack of communication must exist because a conflict has continued for a prolonged time, a close examination often reveals that there’s plenty of effective communication going on.
第十二部分沟通-资
What Is Communication?
Communication involves the transfer of meaning. If no information or ideas have been conveyed, communication hasn’t taken place. The speaker who isn’t heard or the writer who isn’t read doesn’t communicate.
However, for communication to be successful, the meaning must be imparted （告知）and also understood. A letter written in Portuguese addressed to a person who doesn’t read Portuguese can’t be considered communication until it’s translated into a language the person does read and understand.
Each fully understands the other’s position. The problem is that effective communication is being equated with agreement.
The Communication Process
Before communication can take place, a purpose, expressed as message to be conveyed, must exist. It passes between a source (the sender) and a receiver. The message is converted to symbolic form (called encoding) and passed by way of some medium (channel) to the receiver, who retranslates the sender’ s message (called decoding). The result is the transfer of meaning from one person to another.
Leabharlann Baidu
Remember that anything that
interferes with understandingwhether internal（ such as the low speaking voice of the speaker or sender ）or external (such as the loud voices of co-
The philosophical question “if a tree falls in a forest and no one hears it, does it made any noise?” must, in a communications context, be answered negatively（否定地）.
workers talking at an adjoining （邻近的） desk)-can be noise.
Noise can create distortion（歪 曲） at any point in the communication process. Because the impact of external noise on communication effectiveness is self-evident, let’s look at some potential internal sources of distortion in the communication process.
Figure 11-1 depicts the communication process. This model is made up of seven elements (1) the communication source, (2) the message, (3) encoding, (4)the channel, (5)decoding, (6)the receiver, (7)feedback. In addition, the entire process is susceptible（易受影响的） to noise-that is, disturbances that interfere with the transmission of the message.