主动脉瓣的反流PPT课件

aortic root (Table 9) that results in valve malcoaptation.
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ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
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Suggested classification of AR morphology
Type Ia depicts sinotubular junction enlargement and dilatation of the ascending aorta. Type Ib depicts dilatation of the sinuses of Valsalva and sinotubular junction. Type Ic depicts dilatation of the annulus. Type Id denotes aortic cusp perforation. 5
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Anatomy of the Aortic Valve and Etiology of Aortic Regurgitation
• Based on the anatomy of the aortic valve, AR results from disease of either the aortic leaflets and/or the
AORTIC REGURGITATION
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vocabulary
• • • • • • • perforation [ˌpɜ:fəˈreɪʃn] 穿孔 prematurely['premətʃə(r)lɪ],过早的 Anatomy [əˈnætəmi] geometry [dʒiˈɒmətri],几何学，构成 Aortic[eɪ'ɔ:tɪk] protracted [prəˈtræktɪd],延长的 senile [ˈsi:naɪl] 老年性的 orifice [ˈɒrɪfɪs] ,孔，洞，反流口 rheumatic [ruˈmætɪk]风湿性 surrogate [ˈsʌrəgət] 代理、代表 morphology [mɔ:ˈfɒlədʒi] 形态学 proximal [ˈprɒksɪməl]，近端的 commissural disruption [dɪs'rʌpʃn] 连合中断,中断;分裂，瓦解;破裂，毁坏
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2. Doppler Methods.
The apical approach is the most sensitive for detection, the parasternal[pæ'rəstɜ:nl] long and short axis are essential in evaluating [ɪˈvæljueɪting] the origin of the jet .
Type II is associated with excessive leaflet motion from leaflet prolapse as
a result of either excessive leaflet
tissue or commissural disruption Type III is associated with restricted leaflet motion seen with congenitally abnormal valves, degenerative
calcification, or any other cause of
thickening/fibrosis or calcification of the valve leaflets.
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1. Echocardiographic Imaging
In severe acute AR, the LV is not dilated and the sudden rise in LV end-diastolic pressure may cause the MV to close prematurely['premətʃə(r)lɪ] , best documented with an M-mode. In chronic AR, echocardiography is in tracking the changes in LV geometry [dʒiˈɒmətri] (progessive increase in LV volume) and function (progressive worsening) due to the protracted [prəˈtræktɪd] LV volume overload.
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Figure 20 Color flow Doppler of AR in the parasternal long- and short-axis views. The three components of the jet are shown with arrows: flow convergence (FC), VC, and Jet width in LVOT in the LV outflow.
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Color flow Doppler.
• Because the length of the AR jet into the LV chamber is so dependent on the driving pressure (diastolic blood pressure), it is not a reliable parameter [pəˈræmɪtə(r)] of AR severity [sɪ'verətɪ]. • It is important to visualize [ˈvɪʒuəˌlaɪz] the three components of the color jet (flow convergence, VC, and jet area) for a better assessment of the origin and direction of the jet and its overall severity (Figure 20).