高三英语定语从句复习专题

定语从句复习专题：
一．Which/that用法：
1.which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。

作宾语时一般可省略。

The package you are carrying is about to fall.
2.that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时一般可省略。

指人时一般可用who代替，指物时一般可用which替代。

The number of people come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
The chair you broke yesterday is now being repaired.
Keys：which that/who that./which
➢宜用that不用which的情况：
(1)当先行词是all, much, anything, something, everything, nothing, little, none等不定代词时。

She told me everything she knew.
(2)当先行词被all, no, few, any, little, some, much, last, only, very等修饰时。

I’ve read all the books were borrowed from others.
Mr.Smith is the only foreigner she knows.
(3)当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰，或先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

This is the most exciting football game I have ever seen.
The first place they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。

The foreign visitors spoke highly of the young pioneers and their performances they saw at the Children’s Palace.
(5)当先行词在主句中做表语，且关系代词本身在定语从句中也做表语时。

此时句子一般带有类比含义。

Our school is no longer the place it used to be.
Keys：that that that that that that that
➢宜用which不用that的情况：
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。

The Olympic torch will be carried to the top of Mount Qomolangma, ___ hasn’t been tried before in history.
(2)在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。

You say you have found something unique in this book, of____ perhaps even the author was not entirely aware --- is that true?
(3)在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中前一个的关系代词是that, 那么后一个的关系代词宜用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed form the library was newly opened.
Keys：which which which
二．As用法：as用作关系代词，既可指人，也可指物。

在定语从句中可作主语，宾语或表语，作宾语是不能省略。

➢它常用在“such… as…”“the same …as(that)…” 等结构中，
Such teachers as know Tom think him smart.
I will buy the same dictionary as you have.
易混点1: such…as… 和such…that…的区别
1.He is such a clever boy ____ everyone likes.
2.He is such a clever boy ____ everyone likes him.
such…as… 引导定语从句，从句中as 要做成分
such…that… 引导状语从句，从句中that 不做成分
易混点2: the same…as… 和the same…that…的区别(引导的都是定语从句)
the same..that..结构中，that所指的事物通常就是前面已经提到的某个特定的事物
the same..as..结构中, as所指的事物是与前面所提到的事物同类的另一个事物。

I have bought the same book you have.
This is the same book I bought last week.
Keys：as that
➢as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容，意为“正如”，位置灵活可放在主句前面，中间，后面，常用以下搭配
as is well-known / as we all know/as is known to all 众所周知；
as is said above/as mentioned above 正如上面所说；
as might be imagined 正像所想象的那样；as is reported 如报道所说；
as has been pointed 如所指出的那样；as is expected 正如所料
as you can see 正如你所看见的
➢as/which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
1.先行词：as 的先行词一般为整个主句；而which 可指代整个主句，也可指代主句的一部分。

She is always working hard, we see.
The book , I bought yesterday ,is very interesting.
2.从句位置：as引导的从句可置于句首，句中或句尾。

而which引导的定语从句只能置于主句之后。

everyone can see she is very honest.
People can find almost whatever they need at the new shopping mall,_____ is always crowded with people at weekends.
3.意义：as 引导非限制性定语从句时常译为“正如”，which常译为“这，那”。

we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The Golden Compass, ___ follows the adventures of a 12-year-old girl named Lyre is becoming another hit.
Keys：as which As which As which
三who用法;
who在定语从句中做关系代词(也就是被修饰的词的"身份",在句子中意思为"那个人",指代的是前面的主语或宾语)引导后面的限制性定语从句(之所以叫限制性是因为是对主语或宾语起限制作用),后面的定语从句为陈述句语序。

可以理解为从who到定语从句句尾划括号,引一个箭头指向先行词(被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词).who以及后面所有都是修饰成分,不影响整体句意.
例句:The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.与老师交谈的人是我父亲.
一、who引导的定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词或代词。

如：
The student _______ is answering the question is John. (who)
Anybody ______breaks the laws will be punished. (who)
二、who是主格，在定语从句中作主语，此时不能省略。

如：
The person ______was here yesterday is a musician. (who)
但在非正式英语中，who亦可作宾语，且可以省略。

如：
The man_________I saw just now is Mr Li. (who/\）
三、在定语从句中，who在人称、数上和其前面的先行词保持一致。

如：
Do you know the boy ______ is standing over there?(who)
四、若先行词中既有人又有物，关系代词用that而不用who。

如：
He watched the children and boxes_______ filled the car. (that )
五、若先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词修饰，关系代词用that而不用who。

如：
Yao Ming is the best basketball player ______I know. Tom is the first boy that left the room. (that )
四．whom的用法
whom在定语从句中做关系代词，意为“他，她，他们”，主要用在当先行词表人的情况下，在从句中充当宾语。

whom是who的宾格形式,两者在定语从句中分别充当宾语和主语（在非正式场合下，除非紧跟于介词之后，who经常可以代替在定语从句中作宾语的whom）
一、在从句中充当动词宾语
The boy________you met on the street just now is one of my cousins.( whom )
二、在从句中充当介词宾语
(1)在非正式的英语表达中，介词常常在定语从句的句尾。

当介词处于定于从句的句尾时“whom”可以用“that” “who”替代,或者直接省略。

1.This is the boy ____________________________ I played tennis with yesterday.
(whom /that/ / /who)
2.We’ll go to hear the famous singer ____________we have often talked about. (whom /that/ / /who ) (2)当关系代词充当定于从句中某一介词的宾语时，通常把介词提前，用“介词＋关系代词”来引导定语从句。

当介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略。

1.This is the boy with _______(whom) I played tennis yesterday.
2.We’ll go to hear the famous singer about ________(whom) we have often talked.
(3)“介词＋关系代词”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。

先行词指物时，关系代词用which；先行词指人时，关系代词用whom。

1.China has hundreds of islands（岛）, the largest of ________ is Taiwan.(which)
2.The person (to _____I spoke just now )is the manager that I told you about.(whom）
3.T he soldiers, (some of ______) come from Alaska, will be sent to Iraq next week(非限制性定语从句).(whom)
五．whose的用法
whose是定语从句中一个常用的关系代词，表"……的"之意;它可以指"人的"，也可以指"物的";既可以引导限制*定语从句，也可以引导非限制*定语从句
【思维一〗whose+n.可作主语，宾语，功能与which whom(who)相同
.如: Lily,_______ legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital.(whose)
The boss in _______ department Lily worked had heard about the accident.(whose)
【思维二】whose既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制行定语从句.如:
My uncle ,______ office we have just passed ,is a lawyer .(whose)
Once there was a wise king _______whose name was Alfred.(whose)
【思维三】whose代指"……的"，既可以指人，也可以指物如:
Look at the building, ________whose roof is white. (whose)
The girl lives in the house,_________ windows face south.(whose)
【思维四】whose表所属关系指物时，可与of which转换，词序一般是:名词+of which=whose +n Look at the building ,the roof of_______ (=_______roof)is white.(which,whose)
The girl lives in the house, the windows of ______(=_______ windows)face south (which,whose) 【思维五】whose不可与of which(whom)转换的情况
当of不具有"所属"含义时，(如在hear of,be proud of,be fond of,be full of等短语中，of均不表"所属"关系)，只能用of which(whom)或which(whom who)…of，切不可盲目用whose.如: Mary has been married to a scientist of ______ you may have heard.(__________you may have heard of) (whom,who/whom )
She has a clever boy of ______ she is proud(whom)
【思维六】whose在定语从句中，有"所属"含义，一般不再与其它限定词罗列使用
当whose表"所属"含义时，其本身就是一个限定词，相当于one's(具体讲是:my，his，her，its,our，your，their…)，而限定词不可罗列在一起使用，whose也不例外，如:
John,of _______ my aunt is a distant cousin by marriage,comes to see us sometimes.
(whom)
He has some novels，all of ___________are written in Russian.(which)
六.关系副词引导的定语从句
定语从句可以由关系副词when, where, why引导，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。

I. When 引导定语从句的用法
1. 当先行词是表示时间的名词（如moment, time, day, year等），且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。

2. When可以换成“介词+which”。

●I still remember the day when (=on which) we met each other on the train.
提醒：当先行词是表示时间的名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可用that，which引导定语从句，关键要看时间在从句中作什么成分。

●Do you still remember the days which we spent together in the countryside.
练习题：It was a time ______people were divided geographically.
As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time _____
He should be able to be independent.
Keys: when when
II. Where 引导定语从句的用法
1.当先行词表示具体地点的名词（如place, room, mountain, airport等），且关系词在从句中作地点状语，定语从句用where引导。

After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.
2.关系副词where表示“地点的模糊化”。

当先行词表示某人/物的situation，或某事发展的stage，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用关系副词where。

常见的先行词还有point, case, position, condition等。

3.where可以换成“介词+which”
●He gets into a situation where (in which) it is hard to tell what is right or wrong.
Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.提醒：当先行词表示地点的名词，如果关系代词在从句中做定语或者宾语，则用that或which 引导定语从句。

●His father works in a factory which/ that makes radio parts.
练习题:Opposite is St.Paul's Church，________you can hear some lovely music.
Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point _____ the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more unnatural food ----------Keys: where where
III. Why引导定语从句的用法
1.当先行词是表示原因的名词reason, 且关系词在从句中作原因状语，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。

2.Why = for which This is the reason why (for which) he left in a hurry.
提醒：若先行词为reason，且关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用that 或which引导定语从句。

The reason that he told me yesterday is a lie.
练习题:I don’t believe the reason _______ he gave me for his being late.
Instead of making many excuses, _____ you can’t reach the goal , just hold to your dream and never give up.
Keys:that/which why
定语从句高考真题
1.2020江苏Many lessons are now available online, from ________ students can choose for free.
A.Whose
B. which
C. when
D. Whom
2.2020天津Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
A.Whose
B. of whom
C. of which
D. which
3.2020新课标Ⅲ卷In ancient China lived an artist_______paintings were almost lifelike.
4【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】21.We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.A. which B. what C. when D. that
5.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】11.Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A. Why
B. where
C. which
D. What
6.【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground
7.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，______she opened with her late husband Les.
8.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】They were well trained by their masters______had great experience with caring for these animals.
9.【2019·新课标III卷·短文改错】In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
10.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth_____gives off light in the dark.
11.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than___8___they go.
12.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】The students benefitting most from college are those_____are totally engaged in academic life.
13.【2018·北京】She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A. which
B. who
C. as
D. that
14.【2018·天津】Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
A. whom
B. that
C. whose
D. her
15.【2018·江苏】Self-driving is an area_______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A.that
B. where
C. which
D. when
16.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014______showed a mere five to 10minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes(cause).
17.【2018·新课标I卷·短文改错】They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.
18.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program______gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
19.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Many westerners_____come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
Keys：1.B 2.A 3.whose 4.C 5. B 6.将where改为when 7.which 8.who 9.把what改为that/which 10.that/which 11.where 12.who/that 13.A 14.C 15.B 16.that或which 17.which改成in which或where 18.that或which 19.that或who 定语从句易错点
(一)定语从句意识缺失
1.关系代词被普通代词取代
(误)I have many collections of stamps，some of them are my favorite.
(正)I have many collections of stamps，some of which are my favorite.
2.关系代词遗漏
(误)The last one leaves the classroom please close the windows.
(正)The last one who leaves the classroom please close the windows.
第一句从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。

(二)假冒伪劣的定语从句
1.有从无主式
(误)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates.
(正)My friend Jane is very friendly to us classmates.
(正)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates，has a variety of hobbies.
第一句虎头蛇尾，属于有从无主式的句子，即有从句但没有主句。

2.从句成分残缺式
(误)Those who against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.
(正)Those who are against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.
第一句定语从句的成分不完整，缺谓语。

介词against不能单独作谓语。

3.画蛇添足式
(误)As can be seen from the picture，that a sad boy stands between his angry parents.
(误)As can be seen from the picture，a man who is talking happily.
(误)I have many collections of stamps，and some of which are my favorite.
第一句中关系代词as代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词的。

所以应去掉that。

第二句中同样as代替逗号后面的整个主句，主句中的who是多余的。

第三句中如果要满足定语从句的话，显然并列连词and是多余的。

单句练习
1.The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, of _________ up to half will be from abroad.
2.Kate, ________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
3The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
4.I live next door to a couple______ children often make a lot of noise.
5.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________the weather may be better.
6.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _______ has been proved.
7.Will you please give us a case _______the word can be used?
8._____ is often the case, he was fined because he didn’t limit his speed.
9.We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
10.The town _______we visited last month is the one_______ the famous painter was born.
11.The news ________he told me was disappointing.
12.I felt angry about the way_______ I was treated when I was shopping.
13.They were well trained by their masters ________had great experience with caring for these animals.
14.Those _____ are expert at farming pay much attention to the weather and climate.
15.All the neighbours admire this family _______ the parents are treating their child like a friend. Keys:1.whom 2.whose 3.that/which 4.whose 5.when 6.which 7.where 8.As 9.when 10.that/which where 11.that 12.that/in which/- 13.who/that 14.who 15.where
定语从句--语法填空一
There was a time1
I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English.And this was the reason2
my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.Wh en I first came to the club,3
I met many strangers,I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fo rtunately,my guide,4teacher was Yu Minhong,communicated with me face to face,from5
I gained some useful instructions.He also introduced a good partner to me,and we got along well with eac h other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would talk to other teenagers and set down a serie s of activities6we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide,7
encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English,into8
I put my entire energy.Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions .Before I go to sleep,I recall the passages,through9I can memorize a large number of new words.10 our English teacher says,“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have persevera nce,you will master English sooner or later.”
【答案】1.when2.why3.where4.whose5.which6.that/which7.who8.which9.which10.As
定语从句之语法填空二
Computer programmer David Jones, __1__earns ￡35,000 a year designing new computer games, yet cannot find a bank __2__ is ready to let him have a credit card(信用卡）。

Instead, he has been told to wait until he is18，__3___he is old enough to get the rights. The 16-year-old boy works for a small firm in Liverpool, ___4__ the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job.
But David’s biggest headache now is __5___to do with his money. David got his job with the Liverpool –based company four months ago. “I got the job because the people__6___ run the firm knew I ___7____(write)some programs already,” he said. “ I had been studying co mputing __8___ was not part of our studies at school in books and magazines for four years in my spare time. I knew __9___I want to do and never considered staying on at school. Most people in this business are fairly young, anyway.” David added: “ I would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement is a possibility. You never know ___10__ the market might disappear.”
Keys：who, which/that, when, where, what, who/that, had written, which/that, what, when。