语言变异的分析

语言变异的分析
一.中文的变异
1.音位变异：
例：两个黄鹂鸣翠柳，
一行白鹭上青天。

窗寒西岭千秋雪，
门泊东吴万里船。

冒着敌人的炮火,前进!前进!前进!
第一首诗的颔联与尾联的结尾“天”与“船”的韵母都是“an”，二者互相押韵，所以本诗读起来朗朗上口，便于记忆。

这正是运用了音位变异中的节奏的变异方法。

第二句是国歌中的歌词，“前进”一词的反复使用不仅强调了这首歌的主题就是鼓舞人们向前进，同时也具有一种反复的节奏的美感。

2.书写变异：
例：千红一窟，万艳同杯。

默默无蚊
第一句出自《红楼梦》，是在贾宝玉神游太虚幻境时，警幻仙姑让他饮的茶“千红一窟”，其实是“千红一哭”的谐音，又让他饮“万艳同杯”的酒，这酒名是“万艳同悲”的谐音。

这样的写法不仅更具有艺术性，同时也为后文做了一个铺垫，营造出了一种悲剧的氛围。

第二句是一句广告词，本来应该是“默默无闻”，但由于是一个蚊香的广告，所以将“闻”改为“蚊”，不仅突出了产品的效果，也有利于观众加深印象。

3.词汇变异：
例：服侍母亲的事全是大哥干的，大哥那时已经十七岁了，他十分庄严的照料着这个小肉虫一样的七弟。

飘落无形的雨，灌注心灵的湖，希望就在这一刻复活，自那失望的坟墓。

第一句句中的“庄严”一词，本来的意思是“庄重而严肃”，大多时候用于较为重大的场面和重要而严肃的事情上，语气较重。

然而，在本句中却发生了变异，词汇的意思有了反差性的变化。

“庄严”在这里的意思是哥哥很细致，很认真的照顾刚出生的弟弟，语气弱化了，却使我们很清楚的看到了一个严肃而认真的好哥哥的形象。

第二句的“湖”的意义原本很大，而在这里却由大变小，指“心间”，语义出现了弱化，但是强调了心灵被希望滋润之后的欣喜的感受。

4.句法变异：
例：痛，并快乐着。

非常男女
以上句子均为“副词+名词”的结构，按照传统的语法，副词一般不修饰名词，然而这里却发生了变异。

这样的用法的含义有两个：一个
是“异乎寻常的，特殊的”，另一个是“十分，极”。

非常”的第二个义项是由第一个义项(基本义)引申而来，作为副词用来修饰形容词或动词，是汉语中较常见的用法。

事实上。

表示“异乎寻常”意义的“非常”可以看作是形容词或体词性的词组而不再是表示程度的副词。

因为在古代汉语里，“非常”就已经作为一个动宾结构而存在，表示“不同寻常”的意思，它既可以限定谓词，表形状的程度，也可以限定体词。

表事物的情况。

所以这样的用法也就起到了一个强调的作用。

同时也具有新意。

5.语意变异：
例：草根，山寨
“草根”原义是指草木的根部。

现在一般将其理解为同主流，精英文化或精英阶层相对应的平民文化或弱势阶层。

这样的变异不仅通俗易懂，而且形象生动，十分贴切。

“山寨”原本是指栅栏等防守工事的山庄，后来引申指穷地方，穷寨子，穷人住的地方。

作为网络用语，山寨的意思指盗版，不正规的。

一般用于某些品牌东西的假冒品。

二Language Deviations in English
1.The Phonological Category:
Eg:When I am dead, my dearest,
Sing no sad songs for me;
Plant thou no rose at my head,
Nor shady cypress tree:
Be the green grass above me.
With showers and dewdrops wet;
And if thou wilt, remember, And if thou wilt, forget.
This poem uses the onomatopoeia,the words in the frist line such as ”dead”and “dearst”,”sing / sad / songs”,”green / grass”, and “with / wet”.In this way,this poem become more beautiful and readers can understand this poem easier than before.
2.The Graphological Category:
Eg:in Just-
2. spring when the world is mud-
3. luscious the little
4. lame balloonman
5. whistles far and wee
6. and eddieandbill come
7. running from marbles and
8. piracies and it's
9. spring
10. when the world is puddle-wonderful
11. the queer
12. old balloonman whistles
13. far and wee
14. and bettyandisbel come dancing
15. from hop-scotch and jump-rope and
16. it's
17. spring
18. and
19. the
20. goat-footed
21. balloonMan whistles
22. far
23. and
24. wee
The most striking in this poem is perhaps the fact that there is no title. Rather, it is only one clause which runs over the whole poem. that only one clause runs over the whole poem. This may show that poet intends the poem to be read as a whole and places emphasis on the unity of the discourse. The important effect created is the arousal of the reader‟s expectation and interest. This is because when the reader reads the first line, he gets a sense of incompleteness and, therefore would like to read on to find out …what‟ is said. Taking a close look at the whole poem, we find that
every line of the poem, in fact, creates a pulling-forward effect, though there may be differences in the degrees of strength.
3.The Lexical Category
Eg:A possible translation:
A grasshopper who we look up now gat hering
a GRASSHOPPER into leaps: arriving grasshopper rearrangingly become a grasshopper
The use of dynamic words :In this poem, as it depicts the figure of a grasshopper, the poet uses dynamic words to recapture the errat ic and jumpy manner of this insect, such as the verb "look up", "gat her", "arrive", "become", all of which make the picture full of vitality. These words, together with the emjambment, make the picture qui te vivid and it seems that the whole poem just jumps out the paper and becomes alive. These words are to cumming's poems what str okes is to his paintings.
The use of monosyllabic words :The simple words characterize the poems of cumming's, ranging from in Just- to a like a . All his poe ms avoid the use of polysyllabic words. In this poem, simple words like leap, now, look up are applied. Short and simple, these words
add the bouncing flavor to this poem rather than long words, which make the poem heavy and awkward.
4.The Syntactic Categories
Eg:No smoking.
We always see this kind of slogan in some public place.In fact,this kind of clause type is nongrammatical because it has no verb,but all of us can understand this slogan easily.It is extremely simple and impressed everyone deeply.So I think it is a very good way that we use to express our requestment.
5.The Semantic Category
Eg:The pen is mightier than the sword.
Fall leaves as soon as leaves fall.
(秋季随着落叶离去。

)
The first sentence uses metonymy.The damage of this pen is more powerful than a sword,In this way,people can imagine what the pen looks like and understand how dangerous the pen is.This metonymy is very simple but suitable.
The rhetorical device of the second sentence is palindrome.As we know,”fall”means “fall down”and “autumn”,so we can feel the emotion that this sentence conveys:sadness and loneliness.By the
way,this sentence is esay to read and remember.。