lecture 6 for public speaking

Volume—Speak Loud Enough
• Four factors you can depend on to adjust your speaking volume: • The size of the room: how large is the room? • The size of the audience: how many listeners are there? • The level of background noise: is it too noisy? • The availability of a microphone: can you use a microphone? • The easiest way to judge whether you are speaking too loudly or too softly is to be alert to the audience’s reactions indicating volume problems.
Ⅲ. Making Effective Use of Your Voice 声调作用
• Your voice is very important in conveying your message successfully. So you should learn to control each of the elements of vocal delivery.
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Ⅱ. Methods of Delivery演讲方法
• • • • Reading from manuscript 照稿宣读 Reciting from memory 背诵演讲 Speaking impromptu 即兴演讲 Speaking extemporaneously 有备即 席演讲
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Reading from manuscript 照稿宣读
Rate—Don’t Speak too Fast
• When delivering a speech, you can speak at a varying rate. • A slower rate is suitable for expressing sadness, seriousness, and solemnity, while a faster rate helps create feelings of excitement, happiness, anger, and surprise. • When you explain complex information or make an important point, you should speak at a slower rate in order to increase understanding. When you give information which is already familiar to the audience or talk about something that is less important, you can speak at a faster rate. • Dwk.baidu.comn’t speak too fast or too slowly. • Watch your audience for signs of understanding or puzzlement, and make adjustments accordingly.
• • • • • • • • The elements include: Pronunciation and Articulation—Speak Clearly Volume—Speak Loud Enough Rate—Don’t Speak too Fast Pitch/Intonation—Vary Tone and Pitch to Avoid Monotony Pauses—Pause to Provide Emphasis and Focus Attention Emphasis—Emphasize Important Points Vocal Variety
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Speaking impromptu 即兴演讲
• It means speaking with little or no prior preparation. • Asked in class to summarize the key points of a reading passage; called on suddenly to state your opinion in a meeting or discussion. • When you are asked to speak impromptu, try to calm down and think of the four tactics:
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Reciting from memory 背诵演讲
• By this method, the speech is delivered entirely from memory. • This method is rarely used except for some special or brief speeches such as contests, short toast, congratulatory remarks, introductions, etc.
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Ⅰ. Qualities of Effective Delivery
• • • • Effective delivery is natural. Effective delivery is enthusiastic. Effective delivery is confident. Effective delivery is direct.
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• Be mentally prepared. Try to anticipate situations that may call upon you to speak impromptu so as to prepare some remarks beforehand. • Speak at a slower pace, and state your points clearly and concisely. • As you wait your turn to speak in a meeting or discussion, pay attention to what others are saying, and take notes. If time permits, organize and make an outline of your speech. • 4 steps in speaking impromptu in a discussion: a. state the point you are answering; b. state your own position and make your points; c. support your point with examples or statistics; d. summarize your point.
• 定义：Deliver the speech by reading from fully prepared written text, word by word. • This method is often used in situations where absolute accuracy is essential. E.g. politicians and business leaders. • Limitations: Reading restricts eye contact and body movement, and may limit expressiveness in vocal variety. And the quality and effectiveness of the speech delivery can also be limited. • To overcome the disadvantages and increase your expressiveness, you should practice reading the manuscript often and become familiar with it before the delivery.
Speaking extemporaneously 有备即席 演讲
• Giving a speech that is carefully prepared and practiced in advance, and delivered from a key-word or phrase outline. It is the method that mostly used in public speaking. • Advantages: • It gives more precise control over thought and language than does impromptu speaking; it offers greater spontaneity and directness than does speaking from memory or from a full manuscript; it is adaptable to a wide range of situations; it also encourages the conversational quality that audience look for in speech delivery. • In short, when speaking extemporaneously, you have full control over your ideas, yet you are not tied to a manuscript. You are free to establish strong eye contact, to gesture naturally, and to concentrate on talking with the audience rather than declaiming to them.
Pauses—Pause to Provide Emphasis and Focus Attention
• When used appropriately, pauses can be very functional. • They can be used to provide emphasis and focus attention; Intentional pauses of a second or two can cue the listeners that something new or important is coming up; It can also provide time for listeners to absorb the content and the speaker to prepare for the next idea. • Make sure you pause at the end of thought units rather than in the middle. • Try not to leave long pauses while you are looking at your notes. • Avoid using fillers such as ―um‖, ―er‖ or ―you know‖ and the like to cover pauses. Or, they diminish the impact of your speech.
Lecture 5 Deliver a Speech Effectively
成功演讲的方法与技巧
寻寻觅觅
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Contents
• Delivery • Using Visual Aids • Handling Questions
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1. Delivery
• • • • • Qualities of Effective Delivery 成功演讲要素 Methods of Delivery 演讲方法 Making Effective Use of Your Voice 声调作用 Making Effective Use of Your Body 体态语作用 Tips for Practicing Delivery