专四阅读详解

星期1 MondayNothing seek, nothing find.没有追求就没有收获。

I still remember — my hands and my fingertips still remember! — what used to lie in store for us on our return to school from the holidays. The trees in the schoolyard would be in full leaves again, and the old leaves would be lying around in scattered heaps like a muddy sea of leaves.“Get that all swept up!” the headmaster would tell us. “I want the whole place cleaned up, at once!” There was enough work there, to last for over a week. Especially since the only tools with which we were provided were our hands, our fingers, our nails. “Now see that it‟s done properly, and be quick about it,” the headmaster would say to the older pupils, “or you‟ll have to answer for it!”So at an order from the older boys we would all line up like peasants about to cut and gather in crops. If the work was not going as quickly as the headmaster expected, the big boys, instead of giving us a helping hand, used to find it simpler to whip us with branches pulled from the trees. In order to avoid these blows, we used to bribe our tyrants with the juicy cakes we used to bring for our midday meal. And if we happened to have any money on us the coins changed hands at once. If we did not do this, if we were afraid of going home with an empty stomach or an empty purse, the blows were re-doubled. They hit us so violently and with such devilish enjoyment that even a deaf and dumb person would have realized that we were being flogged not so much to make us work harder, but rather to beat us into a state of obedience in which we would be only too glad to give up our food and money.Occasionally one of us, worn out by such calculated cruelty, would have the courage to complain to the headmaster. He would of course be angry, but the punishment he gave the older boys was always very small — nothing compared to what they had done to us. And the fact is that however much we complained our situation did not improve in the slightest. Perhaps we should have let our parents know what was going on, but somehow we never dreamed of doing so; I don‟t know whether it was loyalty or pride that kept us silent, but I can see now that we were foolish to keep quiet about it, for such beatings were completely foreign to our nature.1. From the way the headmaster spoke, we can learn that[A] he was ordering the older boys to do the work at once.[B] he actually expected everyone to join the work.[C] he did not care who did the work provided it was done quickly and properly.[D] he wanted the older boys to take the responsibility rather than work themselves.2. The older boys beat the younger ones so hard because[A] they were too lazy to work themselves and enjoyed being cruel.[B] they knew this would make them offer bribes and food and money.[C] the headmaster would be angry with them if the work was not done.[D] the younger ones would work much faster and harder.3. What would some of the younger ones occasionally do if they‟re beaten?[A] Bribe the older ones with their midday meals.[B] Give any money they have to the older ones.[C] Bear the cruelty without daring to say a word.[D]Tell the headmaster about what had happened.4. What‟s the result of boys‟ complaining to the headmaster about their sufferings?[A] The older boys were taught a good lesson.[B] The older boys got a suitable punishment.[C] It only made matters worse.[D] It made no difference at all.5. It is implied in the passage that[A] the headmaster was very unreasonable since he put the older boys in charge of the work.[B] the younger boys were quite willing to offer their food and money for they were obedient.[C] the older boys didn‟t get any punishment because they had had the work finished quickly.[D] the writer seems to feel regret for not having told their parents about their sufferings at school.Text BUniversal values are always to be found underlying the Olympic Games: participation, enthusiasm, courage, commitment, loyalty, determination, will and true nobility of soul. During the 17 days of fierce competition, with the support of strength and technique, the world‟s champions will be decided by their own strength, determination and skill, determining those who will take pride of place in the Olympic hall of fame.Torino 2006 is a unique occasion to be there, to breathe in the Olympic atmosphere, to experience the culture of the Games in person, to discover the character of the city and region, its historical, cultural, sporting and cooking traditions.The values of brotherhood and dialogue between people and their cultures, making the Olympic Games such a unique sporting event, will be celebrated by athletes marching and waving their national flags and colors. The Italian style and creativity will be expressed through amazing settings, great dancings, astonishing light installations and a memorable soundtrack. Competition FacilitiesThe specially built or renovated winter sports facilities in Torino are located in a central area known as the Olympic District. The Olympic venues in Torino can be easily reached from the specially provided car parks by shuttle and public transport.LogoThe “Mole Antonelliana” takes on the resembla nce of a mountain reaching far up high, where the white of the snow meets the blue of the sky. The Torino 2006 Olympic Games Logo is the perfect synthesis of geographical, emotional and cultural meaning. The geometric forms of the ice crystals which form the heart of the Mole — the symbolic essence of the city of Torino — are interwoven to form a closely woven net: the web, token of technology, but in particular of the eternal spirit of communion between nations, which the Olympic Games have represented rightfrom their creation.The ideals linked to the logo reflect the very nature of the Games:City/Culture — mountain/nature relationship: the logo recalls not only the Mole Antonelliana (the city and architecture) but also the Alpine peaks (the unspoilt nature of the mountain districts), expressing a sense of exchange and interaction between the alpine resorts and the city.Transparency: the mountains are not seen as an obstruction but rather as a gateway between Torino and the rest of the world. They do not hinder interchange between populations with different cultural traditions, but rather enhance it. The sheer force of the multicultural issues adds prestige and emotional value to the Olympic Games.Dynamism: Torino is always on the move and the passion with which it takes on the role of host city of the Games is proof of this.Design and technology: the city develops in line with the times. The most famous Italian designers contribute to make Torino one of the most fashionable cities in the world, a true trendsetter.MascotsNeve and Gliz are the Torino 2006 mascots. They are the creative idea of Portuguese designer Pedro Albuquerque, winner of the international competition held by TOROC (Torino Organizing Committee for the 20th Olympic Winter Games). She (Neve) is a soft, friendly and elegant snowball. He (Gliz) is a lively and playful ice cube. The shapes of their bodies and the sounds of their names — Neve and Gliz — remind us of the two vital elements for practicing winter sports.Together, they sum up the highest Italian and Olympic values: friendship and enthusiasm, loyalty and fun, design and the capacity to innovate.6. We can we infer from the beginning of the passage that the athletes[A] want nothing more than just participation.[B] want to perform better than anyone else in the field.[C] want to entertain the spectators in the stadium.[D] want to be as close as possible to the fastest speed.7. The underlined phrase “take pride of place” in Para. 1 means[A] to occupy the advantageous place.[B] to have the most important position.[C] to feel proud of themselves.[D] to perform very well.8. Which of the following statements is NOT true?[A] The Olympic Winter Games of Torino 2006 lasted 17 days.[B] Torino built and renovated a number of winter sports facilities for the Games.[C] The “Mole Antonelliana” is the symbol of the city of Torino.[D] The Alpine peaks prevent Torino‟s communion with the world.9. According to the passage, we know that[A] the Torino 2006 Olympic Games Logo is designed by a Portuguese designer.[B] the woven net in the logo shows that Italy is an advanced country technologically.[C] Torino likes people who move in and out constantly.[D] TOROC held an international competition for designing the mascots.10. The two most important elements for winter sports are[A] Neve and Gliz. [B] snowball and ice cube.[C] snow and ice. [D] friendship and enthusiasm.Text CIf you are running a Windows computer, you must install an array of security software to prevent an international collection of crooks, hackers, vandals and sleazy business people who aim to invade your PC through the Internet.You need a good antivirus program, a strong firewall program, an effective antispam program, and a program that specializes in stopping spyware and adware. But the fastest-growing computer security problem isn‟t viruses or other traditional malicious programs, and it can‟t be entirely defeated by using security software. It‟s called …social engineering‟, and it consists of tactics t hat try to fool users into giving up sensitive financial data that criminals can use to steal their money and even their identities.Here are a few tips to help you avoid these schemes:1. Don‟t trust email from financial institutions. Email is so easily m anipulated by crooks that you simply should never, ever consider any email from a financial institution as legitimate. The message may bear a bank‟s or a broker‟s logo, but you should never respond to such an email, and never click on any link it contains.2. Never respond to unsolicited commercial email, or spam, or even click on a link in an unsolicited commercial email. In the old days, responding to spam just got you on more spam email lists. Today, it might also result in the secret installation of a key logger or other malicious software.Besides, any company that has to resort to spam as a sales tool isn‟t likely to have a very good product to offer. Do you really think that if someone had invented a pill that enlarged breasts, he would be selling it through spam? He would have sold it to a big drug company for billions.The only safe response to spam is to ignore it and delete it.3. Don‟t download or use free software unless you are sure it‟s legitimate. Sites offering free cursors, for instance, can secretly install all sorts of bad stuff on your PC. This is especially true of free security software, which is sometimes just malicious software posing as a security program. If you suddenly see a security program pop up on your PC, don‟t trust it.There are many legitimate free programs, but check them out before downloading. Look them up on the CNET or PC Magazine websites, which review most software. If they are not covered there, assume they are not legitimate. You may pass up some free programs that are real, but it could save you from huge grief.There are some new security programs aimed directly at social-engineering cheats. A new add-on for the Firefox web browser, called Shazou, can tell you where a website‟s server is located. If you think you are on the Bank of America website, but Shazou tells you the server is in Russia, that is a clue that you are being cheated. And Symantec plans a new product called Norton Confidential that will tell you if a website appears to be a fake.The best defense against social engineering, however, is to be smart and careful.11. To prevent your PC from being invaded, you must[A] use a Windows system.[B] install all kinds of security software.[C] look out for vandals and business people.[D] not surf the Internet.12. We can infer from the second paragraph that computer-security problems[A] are caused by viruses and malicious programs.[B] can be solved by installing a range of security software.[C] make PC users let out private financial information.[D] may be made use of by criminals to steal PC users‟ computers.13. If you get an email bearing a bank‟s logo, you should[A] trust it.[B] consider whether it is legitimate.[C] respond to it immediately.[D] click on the link it contains.14. We learn from the passage that[A] opening an unsolicited commercial email will lead to more spam.[B] products sold by companies through spam are unlikely to be good.[C] there is no safe way to deal with spam.[D] there is no necessity to download free software be cause it‟s too dangerous.15. If you want to make sure whether a free program is legitimate or not, you should[A] turn to the CNET or PC Magazine websites.[B] install a new Firefox web browser.[C] turn to Shazou for help.[D] use Norton Confidential to identify.Text DA second conclusion to be drawn from experience is the close connection between export expansion and economic development. The high-growth countries were characterized by rapid expansion in exports. Here again it is important to note that export expansion was not confined to those countries fortunate in their natural resources, such as the oil-exporting countries. Some of the developing countries were able to expand their exports in spite of limitations in natural resources by initiating economic policies that shifted resources from inefficient domestic manufacturing industries to export production. Nor was export expansion from the developing countries confined to primary products. There was very rapid expansion of exports of labor-intensive manufactured goods. Countries that adopted export-oriented development strategies experienced extremely high rates of growth that were regarded as unattainable in the 1950s and 1960s. They were also able to maintain their growth momentum during periods of worldwide recession better than were the countries that maintained their import substitution policies.Analysts have pointed to a number of reasons why the export-oriented growth strategy seems to deliver more rapid economic development than the import substitution strategy. First, a developing country able to specialize in producing labor-intensive commodities uses its comparative advantage in the international market and is also better able to use its most abundant resource — unskilled labor. The experience of export-oriented countries has been that there is little or no disguised unemployment once labor-market regulations are cancelled and incentives are created for individual firms to sell in the export market. Second, most developing countries have such small domestic markets that efforts to grow by starting industries that rely on domestic demand result in uneconomically small, inefficient enterprises. Moreover, those enterprises willtypically be protected from international competition and the incentives it provides for efficient production techniques. Third, an export-oriented strategy is inconsistent with the impulse to impose detailed economic controls; the absence of such controls, and their replacement by incentives, provides a great stimulus to increases in output and to the efficiency with which resources are employed. The increasing capacity of a developing country‟s entrepreneurs to adapt their resources and internal economic organization to the pressures of world-market demand and international competition is a very important connecting link between export expansion and economic development. It is important in this connection to stress the educative effect of freer international trade in creating an environment conducive to the acceptance of new ideas, new wants, and new techniques of production and methods of organization from abroad.16. According to the passage, how do developing countries expand the export?[A] By limiting import.[B] By exploring more natural resources.[C] By transmitting resources to export production.[D] By shifting resources to primary products.17. What‟s NOT true about export expansion?[A] It fulfills the previous unattainable growth.[B] It can overcome recession.[C] It promotes economic growth more rapidly than import.[D] It‟s inadaptable to countries scarce in natural resources.18. The export-oriented strategy is important to developing countries because[A] it helps to export their natural resources.[B] it helps to make good use of their unskilled labor.[C] it helps to meet the growing need of import.[D] it helps to stimulate the domestic need.19. What is the author‟s attitude towards “freer international trade”?[A] Critical. [B] Approving. [C] Questioning. [D] Subjective.20. This passage is mainly about[A] export-oriented strategy. [B] export expansion.[C] import expansion. [D] economic development.语境词汇Text A1. whip v.鞭打；搅打（奶油、蛋等）n.鞭子2. blow n.（用拳、武器等的）一击,殴打v.吹，刮；使开花3. devilish a.恶魔般的，凶神恶煞的4. flog v.多次重打；鞭打5. obedience n.服从，顺从6. calculated a.存心的，预先设计好的7. in the slightest 根本，一点儿也…（常用于否定句中）8. be foreign to和…无关Text B1. in person 亲身，亲自2. by shuttle 搭乘往返班车3. renovate v.改建，修葺；更新4. take on the resemblance of 呈现与…的相似性5. eternal a.永恒的；永久的6. synthesis n.交融，融合；综合(体)7. unspoilt a.未被破坏的Text C1. malicious a.恶意的；恶毒的2. tactic n.方案，策略；战术3. legitimate a.合法的；合情合理的4. scheme n.阴谋，伎俩；方案v.策划；搞阴谋5. manipulate vt.操纵，控制6. resort to 依靠，凭借7. review n.评论；温习；检查v.对…下评论；温习；检查8. pass up 错过Text D1. be confined to… 局限于…2. be fortunate in natural resource自然资源丰富3. initiate vt.创始，新采取4. labor-intensive a.劳动密集型的5. be inconsistent with… 与…背道而驰，与…相抵触6. incentive n.刺激，诱因7. be conducive to… 有益于…难句突破Text A1. They hit us so violently and with such devilish enjoyment that even a deaf and dumb person would have realized that we were being flogged not so much to make us work harder, but rather to beat us into a state of obedience in which we would be only too glad to give up our food and money.【分析】复合句。