翻译中的词义引申与确定 By 佚名

翻译中的词义引申与确定

For many families, especially in Tokyo，two incomes are a necessity.

对许多家庭来说，夫妻俩都去上班蹭钱是迫不得已的事，在东京尤其如此。

Two incomes按表面词义为“两份工资”，其实在西方国家通常待指“夫妻双双都工作而获得的两份工资”。在汉译中若不将这个特殊引申的意思体现出来，则中国读者就不一定能完全理解全句的完整意思。

It was an occasion for journalists to shower questions. 这是一个记者连续发问的场合。

词义引申要个限度，例如He wanted to learned, to know, to teach可译为：“他想学习，增长知识，也愿把自己的知识教给别人。”如直译为：“他想学习、知道事情和教学。”固然不能达意，但如灵活过火，任意发挥译成：“他渴望博学多闻。喜欢追根穷源，并且好为人师。”便与原文相去甚远了。

The custom had its spring in another country. 误译：这种风俗在别的国家也有它的春天。应译：这种风俗起源于别的国家。

His wife died of difficult labor.误译：他妻子死于艰难的劳动。应译：他妻子死于难产。

This is a mere apology for soup. 这实在不成其为汤。（代用品）

The boy cried because his classmates called him names.因为同学叫了他的名字，那孩子哭子。(误) 那孩子哭了，因为他的同学骂了他。(正)

I shall leave here for good next year. 明年我将好好地离开这里。(误) 明年我离开这里永不回来。(正)

The major problem in manufacture is the control of contamination and foreign materials. 制造过程中的主要问题是控制污染和杂质。

The Sphinx is a must for most foreign visitors to Egypt. 对于绝大多数去埃及游览的外国游客来说，狮身人面像是必不可少的游览项目。

He is a rolling stone. 他是个见异思迁的人。

Walt is as good as his words. 沃尔特向来说话算数。