基础笔译第四讲

19
翻译作业
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I believe that I speak for every sincere and serious representative in the United Nations — so I am encouraged to believe by the speeches to which we have already listened this morning — when I say that the anniversary must be an occasion for an honest assessment of our failures in the past, matched by an equally determined will to do better in the future, so that we can escape from frustration and turn the anniversary into an inspiration and an achievement. 这次周年纪念会应该是一个老老实实地评估我们过 去失误的时机，同时也应该是一个表达我们有同样 决心要把今后的工作做得更好的时机。这样，我们 就可免遭挫折，并能把这次周年纪念变成一种鼓舞 和成就。当我将上述这番话时，我相信——今天上 午我们听到的发言也使我相信——我是代表联合国 每一位真诚和严肃的代表讲话的。 21
第四讲
句式重构
句式重构的理论基础
英汉两种语言文化背景不一，行文结构与遣词习 惯想去甚远。翻译的过程使这两种语言产生碰撞 而凸现种种不可避免的矛盾。译者的使命就是要 调和这些矛盾，使两种语言不断妥协。 英汉句子结构迥异，英译汉时对英语句子结构作 些局部调整是不可避免的。有时，仅靠局部的结 构调整不能完全解决问题，必须对英语句子作颠 覆性调整，大幅度地打乱英语原句的词序和各种 成分的排列，有时甚至要全部拆散原句，再对其 重新组装。这也是拆译法翻译策略的一种表现形 式。
9
取意丢形
对于独特的英语句型仅靠词序的变更或调 整不能清楚自然地表达原文的内容，这时 要根据原文的要意重新构建汉语句子的结 构。 He acts a lot older than his years. 他的行为要比他的年岁老得多。 他年纪轻轻，做事却相当老练。
10
Hardly a day passes without him getting scratched or bruised as he scrambles for a place on a bus. 他挤公共汽车，身上不是这里擦破，就是 那里碰伤，几乎天天如此。 Life here is as cheap as taxis are expensive.
8
① The medical waste that has fouled beaches in the New York region ② at the peak of the summer season ③ has taken its toll on business all along the shore, ④ driving vacationers away ⑤ both from beaches that have been closed and ⑥ from those that have remained open. ① 医疗废弃物污染了纽约地区的海滨。 ② 时值盛夏， ⑤ 一些滨海浴场被关闭， ④ 赶走了大批的度假者， ⑥ 而仍然开放的一 些海滨浴场也门可罗雀。 ③ 这使海滨区的 商业蒙受损失。
5
句子完全重组
The company’s top executives all are refugees from the country’s bureaucratic and underfinanced state research sector. 该公司的高层经理人员都来自该国的国家 研究机构，这些机构不仅充满官僚主义气 息，而且研究经费不足，他们很难在那里 呆下去。
正因为联合国的生命完全是它的成员国赋 予的，因此联合国也呈现出今天世界上所 存在的各种病症，这是完全可以理解的。
16
There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be chief interest and pride. 最令女主人失望的是，她花了许多心神或费 用来招待客人，可是这位客人只顾津津有味 地与她的丈夫谈政治、谈生意，却没有注意 到香喷喷的咖啡，松软的糕点，或房子里吸 引人的东西，而这写却可能是她感到兴趣并 17 引以自豪的主要所在。
6
The company’s top executives all are ① refugees from the country’s ②bureaucratic and ③underfinanced state research sector. 该公司的高层经理人员都来自该国的国家 研究机构， ②这些机构不仅充满官僚主义 气息， ③而且研究经费不足， ①他们很难 在那里呆下去。
18
A gas may be defined as a substance which remains homogeneous, and of which the volume increases without limit, when the pressure on it is continuously reduced, the temperature being maintained constant. 所谓气体，就是一种始终处于均匀状态的 物质。如果温度保持不变，同时对它施加 的压力不断降低，它的体积就可以无限增 大。
2
使用句式重构法拆掉原句的部分或全部构 造后，重新搭建新的句式时所需的“材 料”基本都是原句拆下来的，也就是说， 原句的内容不能动。 进行句式重构的拆译法在很大程度上已经 接近再创作，但这种创作室受拘束的，因 为它毕竟是在原文原意框架下的一种再创 作。 句式重构有三种情况： 句子部分重组 句子完全重组 取意丢形
14
I beg you to receive the grateful homage of a sensible mind for your descent in exposing to me General Gates’ letters which unmask his artifices and efforts to ruin me.
人非草木，孰能无情？我请求您接受我的 敬意和感谢。我感谢你屈尊向我出示了盖 茨将军的信件，揭露了他想要毁掉我的种 种试图和诡计。
15
It is quite understandable that the United Nations, having no life except that which its members give to it, should show evidence of the maladies that is present in the world today.
12
翻译练习
How can you be such a foolish ignorant girl as to think you could afford to pay Mr. Higgins?
你这姑娘怎么那么糊涂不懂事？你能出得 起钱请息金斯先生吗？ Well, you wouldn’t have the face to ask me the samቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ for teaching me my own language as you would for French. 你总没那么厚脸皮要咱一样多的钱吧？ 这 是教本国话，又不是教法文。
7
The medical waste that has fouled beaches in the New York region at the peak of the summer season has taken its toll on business all along the shore, driving vacationers away both from beaches that have been closed and from those that have remained open. 医疗废弃物污染了纽约地区的海滨。时值 盛夏，一些冰海浴场被关闭，赶走了大批 的度假者，而仍然开放的一些海滨浴场也 门可罗雀。这使海滨区的商业蒙受损失。
On previous occasions, we expressed certain reservations about the possibility of obtaining general agreement on a definition of aggression and in fact questioned the desirability and utility, in the light of the international situation, of continuing the search for such a definition. 对于是否能够就侵略定义取得大体一致的 意见，我们过去曾几次表示过某些保留； 事实上，鉴于当时的国际形势，对于继续 谋求这样一个定义是否可取和是否有用， 我们也曾表示过怀疑。
4
All told, China has roughly 380 million women between the ages of 15 and 55, ① and few of them / ② — particularly in the cities — / ③ want to look any less / ④ than the best their budgets allow. 中国妇女年龄在15至55岁之间的总体大约 有三亿八千万，④只要自己的经济条件允 许，①她们几乎人人都③想尽可能把自己 打扮的绰约亮丽，②这种情形在城市尤为 明显。
这里的生活费用挺低，但乘出租车却贵得 要命。
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Nonetheless, Congress was flooded with bills proposing everything from quickie tax cuts to protectionist trade curbs. 然而，提案数量之多，简直要把国会给淹 没了。这些提案有的的要求急速减税，有 的主张对保护主义贸易进行约束，如此等 等，不一而足。 We take as much pride in our ultra-modern aircraft as we do in our old fashioned ideas about service. 最古朴的服务理念，最先进的飞行设施 国泰航空，自豪云中
3
句子部分重组
All told, China has roughly 380 million women between the ages of 15 and 55, and few of them — particularly in the cities — want to look any less than the best their budgets allow. 中国妇女年龄在15至55岁之间的总体大约 有三亿八千万，只要自己的经济条件允 许，她们几乎人人都想尽可能把自己打扮 的绰约亮丽，这种情形在城市尤为明显。
13
All was cleared up some time later when news came from a distant place that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell.
过了一些时候，从远方传来了消息：在小 铜球堕落的当天，确实发生了地震。这一 切终于得到了澄清。