英汉互译之修辞格的翻译ppt课件

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felt as if she had got into prison. 2) He drove as if possessed by the devil. 他着魔似的驾车狂奔。
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这个辞格在汉语和英语修辞里有着共同的特 点,那就是明显地打比方,在本体和喻体之 间都出现显而易见的喻词,如:汉语里的 “像”、“好像”、 “比如”、“仿佛”、 “好比”、“像……一样”、“如……一般” 等等;英语里的like,as,as if,as though 等等。在翻译时,我们可利用其共同特点, 用译文中相应的喻词来译原文里本体之间的 喻词。
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暗喻;Metaphor 1) 何等动人的一页又一页篇章! 这是人类思维的花朵。
(徐迟:《哥德巴赫猜想》) What inspiring chapters! They are the flowers of the
human brainwork. 2) 霎时间,东西长安街成了喧腾的大海。(袁鹰:
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英语里 as ... as ...结构的明喻大多可以直 译:
as cold as ice 冰冷 as hot as fire 火热 as hard as rock 坚如磐石 as light as feather 轻如鸿毛
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下面的直译生动形象,也能被中国读者所 理解接受:
as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌 as bold as a lion 像狮子一样勇猛 as cheerful as a lark 像云雀一样快活 as blind as a bat 像蝙蝠一样瞎
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2)“Don’t talk to me about no opportunity any more. Opportunity’s knocking down every door
in the country,trying to get in. When I was
young,a man had to go out and find opportunity and drag it home by the ears.”(Kurt Vonnegut: Tom Edison’s Shaggy Dog) “休说什么机会难逢。机会正在国内每家每户敲 门,想要进去呢。 我年轻那会儿,人们得出门去 寻找机会,揪着耳朵把它拖回来。”
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3) How soon hath பைடு நூலகம்ime,the subtle thief of
youth,stolen on his wing my three and
twentieth year! (John Milton) 时间,这个盗窃青春的狡猾的小偷,盗窃
了我二十又三年飞走了。
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夸张; Hyperbole 1)我从乡下跑到京城里,一转眼已经六年了。
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现在可知的汉语修辞手法有六十三大类,七十八小类。
常见修辞手法:
明喻;暗喻;拟人;夸张; 讳饰;转喻;省略;折绕; 移就;通感;呼告;递升; 递降;反语; 排比;设问; 反问;谲辞
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1. 直译法 ——对可译的辞格,尽可能直译
明喻 Simile 1) 刘玉翠回到村里,就好比是住进了监牢里。
(康濯《春种秋收》) Having returned to the village,Liu Yucui
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汉语的暗喻和英语的暗喻都不露比喻的痕 迹,把甲直接说成 “ 是”乙或“变成了” 乙,常用的喻词在汉语里有 “是”、“变 成”、“变为”、“成为”、“成了”、 “当作”等,英语里常用 “be”作喻词,也 用 “become”,“turn into”等词语。暗喻 在翻译中一般也可采取直译。
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拟人;Personification
(鲁迅:《一件小事》) Six years have passed by in a twinkle since I came to the capital city from the countryside. 2) She is the prettiest girl in the world. 她是世界上最漂亮的姑娘。
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但部分明喻采用了语义双关,不能从字面上进行 翻译,我们只要译出其实际意思便可:
as cool as a cucumber 非常冷静(像黄瓜一样镇定) as sharp as a needle 十分精明 (像针一样精明) as tight as a drum 手非常紧,不肯花钱 (像鼓一样紧) as sure as a gun 一点不错 (像枪一样确切)
《十月长安街》) At once,the Eastern and Western Chang’an Roads
became roaring oceans. 3) Jane’s uncle is an old fox,up to all kinds of evils. 简的叔叔是个老狐狸,什么坏事都干得出来。 4) After that long talk,Jim became the sun in her heart. 那次长谈之后,吉姆成了她心中的太阳。
1) 每条岭都是那么温柔,虽然下自山脚,上至岭 顶,长满了珍贵的林木,可是谁也不孤峰突起, 盛气凌人。(老舍:《小花朵集》) All the ridges were so amiable. None of them stood above the others with arrogance, though their slopes were fully covered with precious trees.
E-C Translation
Rhetoric
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英语常用修辞:
simile明喻; metaphor 暗喻; metonymy转喻; synecdoche 提喻; personification拟人; hyperbole夸张; antithesis对偶; pun双关;
irony反语; euphemism委婉; circumlocution 迂回; climax渐进; parallelism平行; onomatopoeia 拟声; aposiopesis 跳脱; rhetorical question 设问
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